Il vantaggio del binning (hardware o software che sia) è che mentre i pixel aumentano di un valore 4 nel caso del bin 2, il rumore aumenta "solo" di un fattore 2; questo vale sia per i CMOS che per i CCD. I CCD si avvantaggiano del binning hardware sostanzialmente perchè hanno un rumore di lettura sensibilmente più alto dei sensori CMOS:
1) binning increases the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) of an image
2) CMOS style software binning increases the SNR in proportion to the N (of NxN binning), so 2x2 doubles the SNR, 3x3 triples it, etc
3) CCD style hardware binning gives an even bigger improvement, but only because the unbinned case has such a low SNR due to the high read noise
4) Adding and Averaging software binning both give the same SNR improvement
Imagine that we now apply 2x2 binning, so we will take 4 pixels in a little box, each of which has an ADU value of about 200 and a noise of 29 and we add their values together to make a single binned pixel
Binned value = 200+200+200+200 = 800
But what about the noise on that binned pixel value? Well, remember back to adding noise and recall that we have to add noise 'in quadrature' if the different sources of noise are not correlated - which means squaring the noise, adding the squares, then taking the square root, so:
Binned noise = SQRT( 29*29 + 29*29 + 29*29 + 29*29) = SQRT( 4*841) = 58
Now we notice something really interesting - the pixel value has gone up by a value of 4, but the noise has only gone up by a factor of 2. Let's calculate our SNR for the binned pixel
SNR = Value / Noise = 800 / 58 = approx 13.8
The binning has *doubled* our SNR from ~6.9 to ~13.8. That's about 90% of the secret of binning - it increases the SNR because the pixel values are added normally but the noise is added via the square, add and square root approach. La discussione si trova al seguente indirizzo:
https://forums.sharpcap.co.uk/viewtopic.php?f=35&t=262